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<text id=93TT0143>
<title>
July 12, 1993: A Growing Controversy
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
July 12, 1993 Reno:The Real Thing
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MEDICINE, Page 49
A Growing Controversy
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Should researchers stop a study that gives healthy kids a drug
to make them taller?
</p>
<p> Short kids don't have it easy. They are pitied by playmates
and picked on by bullies. More worrisome to some parents, short
kids often grow up into short adults. Today many unhappy youngsters
and their families have their hopes pinned on what is being
touted as a medical fix to the problem: injections of a synthetic
version of human growth hormone (HGH). But efforts to test the
drug have exploded into a medical and ethical controversy. The
chief issue: Can an experiment that gives healthy children a
drug simply to change their looks be justified?
</p>
<p> The debate flared anew last week when two organizations--the
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine and the Foundation
on Economic Trends--filed suit to halt a National Institutes
of Health study that would give HGH to 80 boys and girls. The
youngsters' pituitary glands produce typical amounts of HGH,
and the children are within the normal height range for their
ages of nine to 15, but they are shorter than average. The study
had been suspended a year ago after the two groups accused the
agency of violating federal regulations governing research with
healthy children, but was resumed recently following a recommendation
from an NIH advisory panel.
</p>
<p> Federal rules require that research pose only a minimal potential
risk to youngsters and glean important information about a medical
condition. The study doesn't qualify, the groups charge. They
claim that HGH therapy may increase the chance of developing
cancer. Moreover, shortness is not a medical condition but a
social problem. "There's no physical risk to being short," declares
Dr. Neal Barnard of the Physicians Committee. Adds the foundation's
Jeremy Rifkin: "NIH can't experiment on healthy kids if there's
no medical problem."
</p>
<p> NIH's independent advisory panel concluded otherwise. One reason
offered for pressing forward with the study is that as many
as 10,000 healthy youngsters have already been treated with
HGH by physicians, despite lack of information about its long-term
safety or efficacy. While the panel concedes that being short
is not a medical disorder, it can make some things harder to
do, like driving a car, and cause psychological problems. "There
is heightism in our society," says panel member Dr. Melvin Grumbach
of the University of California at San Francisco. NIH estimates
that 100,000 U.S. children could receive HGH if it proves effective.
</p>
<p> That possibility infu riates critics, who argue that the healthier
approach would be to take the stigma out of being short. Instead,
says Barnard, the NIH is legitimizing bias by implicitly "telling
kids they're not adequate as they are."
</p>
<p>-- By Anastasia Toufexis. Reported by Ellen Germain/Washington
and Alice Park/New York
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>